Geography

🍌 What is Geography? Crash Course Geography #1

So, ...

What is a Map? Crash Course Geography #2

From ...

What is space and how do we study it? Crash Course Geography #3

Today ...

What is Physical Geography? Crash Course Geography #4

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Traditionally, geography is studied as two interconnected parts: physical geography and human geography. For the first half of this series, we will be focusing on physical geography, which is all ...about recognizing the characteristics of the environment and the processes that create, modify, and destroy those environments. But remember, human-environment interactions are fundamental to studying geography so we won't be ignoring human impact, it just won't be the primary lens we're using to view the world. Today, we'll explore erosional gullies in Madagascar as we discuss the world's dynamic landscape, the Great Barrier Reef as we introduce the four major earth system (the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere), and we'll finish with a deep dive into Iceland as we introduce the major realms of physical geography. (These are geographer specializations that you may have heard about like topography, geomorphology, pedology, hydrology, climatology, oceanography, meteorology, and biogeography.)

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How Does the Earth Move? Crash Course Geography #5

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What Does the Atmosphere Do? Crash Course Geography #6

Much ...

How Does Air Temperature Shape a Place? Crash Course Geography #7

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Today, we’re going to visit Siberia and take a closer look at how temperatures there (and around the globe) impact the way cultures, communities, and landscapes form. Air temperature plays ...a much bigger role than just helping us decide what we’re going to wear everyday, it dictates the kind of foods we can grow, how we build our cities and roads, and the kinds of industries that can even exist in a location. And in a region like Siberia, where it can get cold, like REALLY COLD, the air temperature has had an incredible impact on life. But before we end this episode we’ll warm up with a visit to Phoenix, Arizona to talk about how they too have to make a lot of decisions due to the extreme heat of a city in the middle of the desert.

Sources
Bryant, R.H. 1990. Physical Geography. Rupa and Co.
Christopherson, R.W. 2010: Elemental Geosystems. Prentice Hall
Strahler, A. Introducing Physical Geography. 5th Edition.Wiley and Sons.

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Where Does Wind Come From? Crash Course Geography #8

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There's an invisible force shaping our lives, affecting the weather, climate, land, economy, and just whether a flag looks majestic or not - we're talking about the wind! Today we’re ...going to go into the science of where the wind comes from and take a closer look at the major wind systems and pressure belts across the globe. We'll explain how the Coriolis effect causes the winds to curve (and makes air travel a bit more complicated), explore the doldrums and horse latitudes that could stall ships for days, and show the enormous impact the trade winds had on European colonization of the Americas.

Sources

Bryant, R.H. 1990. Physical Geography. Rupa and Co.
Christopherson, R.W. 2010: Elemental Geosystems. Prentice Hall
Strahler, A. Introducing Physical Geography. 5th Edition.Wiley and Sons.
Petersen, J. et al. 2011. Fundamentals of Physical Geography. Cengage.

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How Do Oceans Circulate? Crash Course Geography #9

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☁️ What is a Cloud? Crash Course Geography #10

In ...

How Can Rain Create Conflict? Precipitation and Water Use: Crash Course Geography #11

If ...

What Are the Different Types of Cyclones? Crash Course Geography #12

Today ...

Today we’re going to talk about two types of cyclones: mid-latitude cyclones and tropical cyclones. Mid-latitude cyclones are huge weather systems that bring day-to-day weather in the mid-latitudes. They're the ...reason the weather is often unpredictable. We'll focus on the Northern Hemisphere and how these cyclones form along the polar front. Then, we'll shift to tropical cyclones also called hurricanes or typhoons - those smaller spinning vortices of air usually originating in the tropics that can cause widespread damage to coastal communities. We'll talk about the Bhola cyclone, which as of 2021 is the deadliest tropical cyclone in history, and we'll take a closer look at the Sundarbans in the low-lying coastal areas of Bangladesh and India to see how mangroves play a crucial role as a natural ecological barrier to these storms.

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🥔 How do we Classify Climates? Crash Course Geography #13

From ...

What is Climate Change? Crash Course Geography #14

Today ...

Today we’re going to talk about climate change which is when there is a change in the average weather patterns in a region over a long period of time - ...these changes can be natural or human-caused. We’ll discuss the main driving forces of climate change in the past and show you how what’s happening now is unlike anything in the past. Global warming, or when there is an increase in the average surface temperature of the planet, has been well-documented since the Industrial Revolution, and scientists have concluded that there is a 95% probability that human activities like burning fossil fuels, industrialization, modern agriculture, and deforestation have caused most of this most recent warming. And while individual actions do matter in helping to curb the disastrous implications of a warming planet, it’s also up to us to hold corporations and governments responsible for the policies and the large-scale emissions that play a disproportionate role in impacting our atmosphere and climate.

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What Are Ecosystems? Crash Course Geography #15

Today ...

Population & Food: Crash Course Geography #16

Today ...

What is Soil (and Why is it Important)?: Crash Course Geography #17

Soil ...

Soil brings together all four spheres of physical geography, and understanding soil composition is kind of like baking! So in today's episode, we're going to show you how to create ...the perfect soil cake, examine its different soil horizons, and then take you on a trip along the 20th meridian from the Congo to northern Europe to show you how the composition of soil varies dramatically with the environment. Soils are the foundation of life on Earth, from the local ecosystems of plants and animals to the crops we grow and food we eat, so it is up to us to care for it as we decide how to manage our land and resources.

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What Are Rocks and How Do They Form? Crash Course Geography #18

From ...

The Plate Tectonics Revolution: Crash Course Geography #19

Today ...

How Does the Earth Create Different Landforms? Crash Course Geography #20

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Cliffs and canyons, beaches and dunes, floodplains and river valleys, plateaus and mountains — these are all products of a restless Earth. In today’s episode we’re going to take a ...closer look at how landforms greatly influence how people live and derive meaning and a sense of place. From the hills and ponds we see everyday to impressive landscapes like Uluru in Australia or the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia they all have stories to tell.

SOURCES
Petersen, et al 2011. Fundamentals of Physical Geography. Cengage
Christopherson, R.W. 2010: Elemental Geosystems. Prentice Hall
Strahler, A. 2011. Introducing Physical Geography. 5th Edition.Wiley and Sons.
Knox and Marston. 2016. Human Geography Place and Regions in a Global Context. 7th Edition. Pearson
Huggett, R.J. 2007. Fundamentals of Geomorphology. 2nd Edition. Routledge
Luhr, J.F. 2003. Earth. Dorling Kindersley.
Zurick D and Karan P.P. 1999. Himalaya Life on the Edge of the World. John Hopkins Press.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-hannibal-crossed-the-alps-180963671/
https://assets.answersingenesis.org/doc/articles/pdf-versions/arj/v3/geomorphology-uluru.pdf
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/himalaya.html
https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/education/upload/geoarticle-2.pdf

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What Are Volcanoes? Crash Course Geography #21

Today ...

Today we’re going to take a closer look at these beautiful but dangerous landforms as we explore the different types of volcanoes and trace the patterns of volcanic activity around ...the world. From the explosive power of a stratovolcano like Mount St. Helens in Washington to the quiet but consistent eruptions of a shield volcano like Kīlauea in Hawaiʻi, volcanoes are like windows into the center of the Earth helping us understand more about how it all works.

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What is Weathering? Crash Course Geography #22

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Weathering breaks down rocks and creates sediments which become the raw materials for other rocks and the formation of our soils. And we call the process of moving that sediment ...erosion. In today's episode, we're just going to focus on the weathering part. We'll discuss mechanical, chemical, and biological weathering and take you on a tour of some of the landscapes they help shape from landslides and sinkholes to caves!

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How Rivers Shape the Landscape: Crash Course Geography #23

Today ...

Today we're going to talk about rivers and how these dynamic, delicate, yet powerful systems are able to constantly change the landscape. We'll focus on the Zambezi River in Southeast ...Africa following its main features from the tributaries that feed into it in the upper course, to the deafening wonder that is Mosi-oa-Tunya waterfall (also called as Victoria Falls) in the middle course, all the way to the delta as the river flows into the Indian Ocean. Along the way, we'll teach you all about why rivers meander, why some rivers have rapids and others are calm, and how we talk about classify and river systems more broadly.

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Why Does Jakarta Flood So Easily? Crash Course Geography #24

Today ...

Today we're going to talk about how and why floods happen both in spite of, and because of, us. Specifically, we'll take a closer look at the island of Java, ...and its largest city, Jakarta, and explain the factors that lead to serious flooding almost annually. We'll also show you how mangroves can help protect us from flooding, and how wetlands along floodplains act like the kidneys of the Earth filtering out impurities and pollutants.

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Groundwater & the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Crash Course Geography #25

The ...

The Arab-Israeli Conflict, which is the ongoing political tensions and military conflicts between Arab nations and Israel, is one of the longest and most complex disputes in the world. Today, ...we're going to focus on more recent events, and look specifically at the role groundwater plays in preventing a pathway to peace between Israelis and Palestinians. Groundwater makes up the largest portion of available fresh water on Earth, but as we'll see, access isn't always fair and its availability doesn't always line up neatly with political borders.

***
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What Are Glaciers? Crash Course Geography #26

Today ...

Today we’re going to talk about glaciers. These behemoth globs of compressed ice and snow moving across the land created fertile soils and physical features while also serving as frozen ...time capsules. They recorded both Earth’s climatic history over several million years and contain clues to its climatic future. By now we hope it’s become clear that the Earth is ever-changing, and glaciers have often been a crucial part of that change from the erratic boulders found in New York City’s Central Park to the beautiful spire of the Matterhorn in the Alps on the border of the Italy and Switzerland.

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Natural Hazards: Crash Course Geography #27

Today ...

Today we wrap up the first half of our series on physical geography by taking a closer look at natural hazards - which are physical processes like heat waves and ...cyclones, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and floods and droughts. And when these natural events cause significant harm to humans, we call them natural disasters. So today we'll explore the ways geographers analyze and track these events, and take a closer look at the human impact of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and The Boxing Day Tsunami on the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

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What is Human Geography? Crash Course Geography #28

For ...

For the next half of this series, we will be discussing Human Geography — so we’ll still be looking at the Earth, but specifically, how human activity affects and is ...influenced by the Earth. Naturally, we thought the best place to start was to discuss how we name things in the first place! As it turns out, a name carries so much history of a place but also represents the political power and evolving perception of that space. So today, we’re going to tell the story of the highest point in North America - a mountain known by many names including Mount McKinley and Denali.

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Race, Ethnicity, and the Cultural Landscape: Crash Course Geography #29

...

Sometimes culture can seem invisible like when we're surrounded by signals that tell us we're with others who are like us, but if we live or travel somewhere where the ...traits that define social norms are not our traits, culture can suddenly seem everywhere. In the next few episodes, we're going to start exploring the fundamental aspects of culture and how those with and without power are affected by culture, from cultural mixing to cultural violence. We'll also discuss the differences between race, ethnicity, and culture, and help you can spot the warning signs that often lead to xenophobia, racism, and genocide.

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How Does Language Move? Crash Course Geography #30

While ...

While we can’t explore every cultural trait in the world, language is an important system of spoken, signed, or written symbols humans use to express themselves. It’s a major marker ...of identity that often unites members of the same nation, or people with similar cultural identity.
And it’s a cultural trait that has enormous power because language helps other cultural traits move through the spoken, visual, tactile, and musical word. So today, we’re going to explore how words move, because the activities that prompt that movement can tell us a lot about how ideas as well move around the world.

SOURCES

Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. Willey-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3288-6

Getis, Bjelland, and Getis. Introduction to Geography, 15 ed. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017. ISBN: 978-1-259-57000-1

Hobbs, Joseph J. Fundamental of World Regional Geography, 4th ed. Cengage. 2017.

Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition. The Princeton Review.

Bilingualism
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/life-bilingual/201011/bilingualisms-best-kept-secret

Chai
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61786391/2019_chai20200114-100765-gqbui9-with-cover-page.pdf

Bantu
Isern N, Fort J (2019) Assessing the importance of cultural diffusion in the Bantu spread into southeastern Africa. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0215573. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215573

Click languages
Clicks in south-western Bantu languages: contact-induced vs. language-internal lexical change

Banjo
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/smithsonian-center-folklife-cultural-heritage/2021/02/16/quest-return-banjo-its-african-roots/
https://afropop.org/audio-programs/the-black-history-of-the-banjo

Endangered Languages Project
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/#/3/59.308/-47.527/0/100000/0/low/mid/high/unknown

Chickasaw Efforts to preserve language
https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2016/10/06/oklahoma-chickasaw-language

Miami efforts to preserve language
http://miamioh.edu/myaamia-center/index.html

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How Did Religion Spread Along the Silk Road? Crash Course Geography #31

Today ...

Where and Why Do People Move? Crash Course Geography #32

...

How Populations Grow and Change: Crash Course Geography #33

Is ...

Is the world overpopulated or underpopulated? While we worry about there being too many people for the planet to support, we can also worry about how fewer people in a ...given place may affect the economy, what may happen when there are more elderly people who need care than there are healthcare workers, or even be concerned about how many people are necessary to carry on other aspects of culture. Today, we'll discuss Malthusian and Boserup predictions on the planet's carrying capacity and take a close look at a popular demography tool geographers use to predict population change: the Demographic Transition Model or DTM.

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How Does Disease Move? Crash Course Geography #34

From ...

From outbreaks of measles in the United States and cholera in Haiti to patterns of lead poisoning near gold mines in Nigeria, medical geographers play an important role in tracking ...disease in the landscape. Today, we're going to look at strategies medical geographers use to help as many people as possible achieve the highest level of health possible.

Our sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ldkfmEnwz4BCE76sxR1seA7d2L0jyVxX4Bc9YH0Tqog/edit?usp=sharing

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Tyranny of the Map: Crash Course Geography #35

Today ...

What Holds a Country Together or Tears it Apart? Crash Course Geography #36

Today ...

What are the Patterns of Border Conflicts? Crash Course Geography #37

...

Capitalism, Communism, & Political Economies: Crash Course Geography #38

Just ...

Colonialism: Crash Course Geography #39

...

What is a "Developed" Country? Crash Course Geography #40

Today ...

Agribusiness, GMOs, and their Role in Development: Crash Course Geography #41

On ...

Why is There Uneven Access to Food? Crash Course Geography #42

Food ...

How Do We Produce Food? Crash Course Geography #43

Over ...

Mineral Extraction: Crash Course Geography #44

Today ...

Today we're going to take a look at mineral extraction -- or the removal of rocks and minerals from the Earths' crust -- and examine how this human activity impacts ...all aspects of Geography. We'll focus on the Democratic Republic of the Congo and take a look at how the mining of minerals such as cobalt, has significantly impacted life in this region.

Sources
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YdZ--u297RHCKLEzFI7YxjuxVtweDttWT9Au1MQlV94/edit?usp=sharing

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Why are People Moving to Cities? Crash Course Geography #45

...

According to the UN, people living in urban places now outnumber those in rural areas — which is a pretty new phenomenon for many parts of the world. So today, ...we’re going to discuss factors that have led to this shift in populations from rural to urban residences (known as urbanization), and we’ll examine the historical and structural systems, like colonialism and Central Place Theory, that have influenced the cities we see today.

Correction:
3:20 On the map here we incorrectly placed the Shanghai marker where Guangzhou is located.

SOURCES

Knox and Marston 2016: Human Geography Place and Regions in a Global Context. 7th Edition. Pearson
Marston et all. 2017. World Regions in a Global Context. Peoples, Places and Environments. 6th Edition. Pearson.
Pacione, M. 2001. Urban Geography A Global Perspective. Routledge.
Derudder, Ben and Taylor, Peter. 2016. Change in the World City Network, 2000-2012. The Professional Geographer. 68(4) pages 624-637
https://ourworldindata.org/how-urban-is-the-world
https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html
https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization
https://www.kearney.com/global-cities/2020
China’s urban system
Chang. S. 1963. The Historical Trend of Chinese Urbanization. AAAG. Vol 53 (2)
Wu F. 2016. Emerging Chinese Cities: Implications for Global Urban Studies. The Professional Geographer, 68(2), pages 338–348
Sheppard. E. 2016. Emerging Asias: Introduction The Professional Geographer, 68(2), pages 309–312
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=CN
GUANGZHOU
https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/guangzhou-population

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How Are Cities Organized? Crash Course Geography #46

Today ...

Today we’re going to take a closer look at cities, examine how these large complex structures are organized, and identify patterns and differences in land use around the world. We'll ...begin with a quick recap of Central Place Theory, then we'll show you how the Concentric Zone Model can approximate the development of Chicago in the United States. Then, we'll take a closer look at colonial port cities, the development of industrial zones and financial districts, and the patchwork of immigrant communities that often developed around them in cities such as Boston in the United States. And finally, we will end our episode with a look at the layout of some North African cities that are in earthquake-prone areas with hot and dry climates such as in Fez, Morocco.

SOURCES
Knox and Marston 2016: Human Geography Place and Regions in a Global Context. 7th Edition. Pearson
White et al 2008. Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition. McGraw Hill.
Latham, A et al 2009. Key Concepts in Urban Geography. Sage Publications, Inc.
Knox P.L and McCarthy L. 2012. Urbanization An Introduction to Urban Geography. 3rd Edition. Pearson
Knox P and Pinch S. 2000. Urban Social Geography An Introduction. 4th Edition. Prentice Hall
Pacione, M. 2001. Urban Geography A Global Perspective. Routledge

FEZ Morocco
http://www.urbanmorphologyinstitute.org/resources/sustainable-arabic-urban-design/
https://www.britannica.com/place/Fes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco
https://www.globalurban.org/GUDMag08Vol4Iss1/Radoine.htm

#CrashCourse #Geography #UrbanGeography

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What is Urban Planning? Crash Course Geography #47

Today ...

How did Detroit Become the Motor City? | Industrial Geography | Crash Course Geography #48

From ...

From shipping routes to airplane traffic to even the Internet, transportation planning is all about designing optimal transportation networks to move goods, information, and people around the globe. Today, we're ...going to discuss industrial geography by tracing the story of the automotive landscape as it formed across the manufacturing belt of the Upper Midwest of the United States, and show how it wasn't just a coincidence that it overlapped with transportation routes and access to raw materials like coal and iron. We'll show you how Least Cost Theory has been used to explain the location of certain industries and how it no longer seems to be holding due to the rise of globalization.

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O3fLHL7-J1g_eWAMY9JQ910zEGXDsGTnOgJTdDnl_hg/edit?usp=sharing

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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Shanta, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer, Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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#CrashCourse #Geography #IndustrialGeographyShow More

Sustainable Cities: Crash Course Geography #49

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From towering skyscrapers covered in trees to zero carbon smart cities, there are so many ways to imagine what a sustainable city of the future might look like. But what ...does it really mean to be sustainable anyway? Today, we’re going to look at environmental planning and how it intersects with people and the communities they form.

Further Reading:
Corkscrew Samp Sanctuary - https://corkscrew.audubon.org
AJLC at Oberlin - https://www.oberlin.edu/ajlc
La Borda Co-Op - http://www.laborda.coop/en/

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YQOomMFWqS1JdbnxYpY9VQgoq4r7Gue7x-rdskSshyE/edit?usp=sharing

#CrashCourse #Geography #UrbanPlanning

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Shanta, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer, Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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Geographies of the Future: Crash Course Geography #50

In ...

In our final episode of Crash Course Geography we're going to take a look towards the future, and to do that we'll need to revisit our fundamental geography tools: space, ...place, and human-environment interactions! We'll talk about the rise of the digital world and virtual spaces, the continued impacts of globalization and the Anthropocene, and even ponder new ideas like geoengineering. As we've said many times in this series the Earth is a beautifully dynamic place, and human innovation and our desire to claim and create our own places will continue to build new landscapes and futures. Thank you all so much for joining us on this journey across our extraordinary home planet!

0:00 - space-time
1:10 - intro
1:17 - virtual spaces
3:15 - place and globalization
4:48 - the slow city movement
5:57 - data landscapes and surveillance
8:51 - human footprint
9:38 - geoengineering
11:10 - series wrap-up
12:26 - outro

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-x4TxhStow9S-1Oo8vHHstuALghiu9S4R6wcbuTtGQQ/edit?usp=sharing

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
April Frazier, Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, Shanta, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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