Engineering
What is Engineering?: Crash Course Engineering #1
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/engineering
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/engineer
http://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/23915
https://www.britannica.com/technology/military-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/technology/civil-engineering
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/mechanical-engineers.htm
http://me.columbia.edu/what-mechanical-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/technology/history-of-technology/The-Industrial-Revolution-1750-1900
https://www.livescience.com/44186-who-invented-the-steam-engine.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/steam-engine
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/college-to-career/chemistry-careers/chemical-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47499-what-is-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/48134-what-is-chemical-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47702-aerospace-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47749-nuclear-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/48001-biomedical-engineering.html
http://time.com/money/4920319/the-1-college-major-that-will-earn-you-the-most-right-out-of-college/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2017/06/28/college-degrees-with-the-highest-and-lowest-starting-salaries-in-2017/#4a0837cb2343
“The Story of Engineering” by James Kip Finch. Anchor Books, 1960.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
What is Engineering?: Crash Course Engineering #1
In ...
In our first episode of Crash Course Engineering, Shini explains what engineering is, and gives a brief overview of its four main branches (civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical) as well ...as a look at some of the other fields of engineering.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/engineering
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/engineer
http://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/23915
https://www.britannica.com/technology/military-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/technology/civil-engineering
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/mechanical-engineers.htm
http://me.columbia.edu/what-mechanical-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/technology/history-of-technology/The-Industrial-Revolution-1750-1900
https://www.livescience.com/44186-who-invented-the-steam-engine.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/steam-engine
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/college-to-career/chemistry-careers/chemical-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47499-what-is-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/48134-what-is-chemical-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47702-aerospace-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47749-nuclear-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/48001-biomedical-engineering.html
http://time.com/money/4920319/the-1-college-major-that-will-earn-you-the-most-right-out-of-college/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2017/06/28/college-degrees-with-the-highest-and-lowest-starting-salaries-in-2017/#4a0837cb2343
“The Story of Engineering” by James Kip Finch. Anchor Books, 1960.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/engineering
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/engineer
http://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/23915
https://www.britannica.com/technology/military-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/technology/civil-engineering
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/mechanical-engineers.htm
http://me.columbia.edu/what-mechanical-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/technology/history-of-technology/The-Industrial-Revolution-1750-1900
https://www.livescience.com/44186-who-invented-the-steam-engine.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/steam-engine
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/college-to-career/chemistry-careers/chemical-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47499-what-is-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/48134-what-is-chemical-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47702-aerospace-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/47749-nuclear-engineering.html
https://www.livescience.com/48001-biomedical-engineering.html
http://time.com/money/4920319/the-1-college-major-that-will-earn-you-the-most-right-out-of-college/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2017/06/28/college-degrees-with-the-highest-and-lowest-starting-salaries-in-2017/#4a0837cb2343
“The Story of Engineering” by James Kip Finch. Anchor Books, 1960.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Civil Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #2
We’re ...
We’re beginning our engineering journey with a tour through the major branches. Today Shini explains the facets of civil engineering, including structural and construction engineering, city planning, transportation, and sanitation.
Crash ...Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/14451/Who-was-the-First-Engineer.aspx
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Imhotep
https://www.livescience.com/23050-step-pyramid-djoser.html
http://www.thecivilengg.com/History.php
https://www.britannica.com/technology/aqueduct-engineering
https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2151
http://www.museumofthecity.org/project/hippodamus-and-early-planned-cities/
http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.2.two.html
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/
http://www.history.com/news/the-secrets-of-ancient-roman-concrete
https://www.nachi.org/history-of-concrete.htm
https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Smeaton
http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/joseph-bazalgette
https://www.schnabel-eng.com/services/dam-engineering/
https://usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/powerfaq.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash ...Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/14451/Who-was-the-First-Engineer.aspx
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Imhotep
https://www.livescience.com/23050-step-pyramid-djoser.html
http://www.thecivilengg.com/History.php
https://www.britannica.com/technology/aqueduct-engineering
https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2151
http://www.museumofthecity.org/project/hippodamus-and-early-planned-cities/
http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.2.two.html
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/
http://www.history.com/news/the-secrets-of-ancient-roman-concrete
https://www.nachi.org/history-of-concrete.htm
https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Smeaton
http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/joseph-bazalgette
https://www.schnabel-eng.com/services/dam-engineering/
https://usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/powerfaq.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Mechanical Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #3
Today ...
Today we continue our tour through the major fields of engineering with a look at mechanical engineering, beginning with the steam engine. We’ll discuss aircraft, the development of aerospace engineering, ...and take a look into the future of robotics and biomechanics.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://me.columbia.edu/what-mechanical-engineering
http://www.mtu.edu/mechanical/engineering/
https://www.me.washington.edu/prospective/whatisme
http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/discovering/famous/thomas_newcomen.shtml
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Newcomen
https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Watt
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/watt_james.shtml
http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/james-watt
https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Stephenson
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_technology_01.shtml
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/09/these-are-the-world-s-fastest-trains/
https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/1903-wright-flyer
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frank-Whittle
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/whittle_frank.shtml
https://alum.mit.edu/slice/why-hasnt-commercial-air-travel-gotten-any-faster-1960s
https://education.jsc.nasa.gov/explorers/p4.html
https://www.livescience.com/32655-whats-the-fastest-spacecraft-ever.html
https://www.robotics.org/blog-article.cfm/The-History-of-Robotics-in-the-Automotive-Industry/24
http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/robotic-knight.aspx
https://www.robotics.org/joseph-engelberger/unimate.cfm
https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-C-Devol
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/08/unimate-the-story-of-george-devol-and-the-first-robotic-arm/243716/
https://ehistory.osu.edu/exhibitions/machinery/index
http://bleex.me.berkeley.edu/research/exoskeleton/bleex/
http://bleex.me.berkeley.edu/
http://bleex.me.berkeley.edu/research/exoskeleton/medical-exoskeleton/
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/scribd/?title_id=4243&filepath=/files/docs/publications/bls/bls_0758_1943.pdf
https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/whittle-w1x-turbojet-engine
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://me.columbia.edu/what-mechanical-engineering
http://www.mtu.edu/mechanical/engineering/
https://www.me.washington.edu/prospective/whatisme
http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/discovering/famous/thomas_newcomen.shtml
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Newcomen
https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Watt
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/watt_james.shtml
http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/james-watt
https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Stephenson
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_technology_01.shtml
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/09/these-are-the-world-s-fastest-trains/
https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/1903-wright-flyer
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frank-Whittle
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/whittle_frank.shtml
https://alum.mit.edu/slice/why-hasnt-commercial-air-travel-gotten-any-faster-1960s
https://education.jsc.nasa.gov/explorers/p4.html
https://www.livescience.com/32655-whats-the-fastest-spacecraft-ever.html
https://www.robotics.org/blog-article.cfm/The-History-of-Robotics-in-the-Automotive-Industry/24
http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/robotic-knight.aspx
https://www.robotics.org/joseph-engelberger/unimate.cfm
https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-C-Devol
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/08/unimate-the-story-of-george-devol-and-the-first-robotic-arm/243716/
https://ehistory.osu.edu/exhibitions/machinery/index
http://bleex.me.berkeley.edu/research/exoskeleton/bleex/
http://bleex.me.berkeley.edu/
http://bleex.me.berkeley.edu/research/exoskeleton/medical-exoskeleton/
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/scribd/?title_id=4243&filepath=/files/docs/publications/bls/bls_0758_1943.pdf
https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/whittle-w1x-turbojet-engine
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
The History of Electrical Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #4
Next ...
Next stop on our tour of engineering’s major fields: electrical engineering. In this episode we’ll explore the history of telecommunications, electric power and lighting, and computers. We’ll introduce topics like ...magnetism, electrical conduction, telegraphy, lighting, and computers.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Gilbert
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/gilbert_william.shtml
http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_GRAY.HTM
http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/es154/lectures/lecture_2/lecture_2.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Claude-Chappe
http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/cscie129/papers/Early_History_of_Data_Networks/Chapter_2.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Fothergill-Cooke
http://ethw.org/William_Fothergill_Cooke
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/connecting-britain/first-electric-telegraph/
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-F-B-Morse
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Heinrich-Hertz
https://www.livescience.com/45641-science-of-world-war-i-communications.html
https://definitions.uslegal.com/r/radio-act-of-1912/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sir-Humphry-Davy-Baronet
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zenobe-Theophile-Gramme
http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison
http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/what-was-the-war-of-the-currents
http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/marcian-hoff/
http://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/addlbios/hoff.html
http://www.intel4004.com/
https://www.wired.com/2009/12/1223shockley-bardeen-brattain-transistor/
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-pc
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Gilbert
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/gilbert_william.shtml
http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_GRAY.HTM
http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/es154/lectures/lecture_2/lecture_2.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Claude-Chappe
http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/cscie129/papers/Early_History_of_Data_Networks/Chapter_2.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Fothergill-Cooke
http://ethw.org/William_Fothergill_Cooke
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/connecting-britain/first-electric-telegraph/
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-transatlantic-telegraph-cable-completed
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-F-B-Morse
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Heinrich-Hertz
https://www.livescience.com/45641-science-of-world-war-i-communications.html
https://definitions.uslegal.com/r/radio-act-of-1912/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sir-Humphry-Davy-Baronet
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zenobe-Theophile-Gramme
http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison
http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/what-was-the-war-of-the-currents
http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/marcian-hoff/
http://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/addlbios/hoff.html
http://www.intel4004.com/
https://www.wired.com/2009/12/1223shockley-bardeen-brattain-transistor/
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-pc
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
The History of Chemical Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #5
Today ...
Today we’ll cover the fourth and final of our core disciplines of engineering: chemical engineering. We’ll talk about its history and evolution going from soda ash competitions to oil refineries ...and renewable energies. We’ll also discuss some newer and emerging fields like biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Kr-Ma/Leblanc-Nicolas.html
https://www.keionline.org/book/prizes-lots-of-them
https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/george-e-davis
http://www.world-petroleum.org/edu/223-how-is-crude-oil-turned-into-finished-products-
https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-gasoline-1991845
https://www.britannica.com/technology/cracking-chemical-process
https://www.britannica.com/technology/petroleum-refining/Polymerization-and-alkylation
https://www.britannica.com/technology/chemical-engineering#ref257602
https://www.allaboutcareers.com/careers/career-path/biotechnology-engineering
https://www.myklassroom.com/Engineering-branches/20/Bio-Technology
https://www.impossiblefoods.com/burger/
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=biomass_home
“Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering” by David Mautner Himmelblau, James B. Riggs
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Kr-Ma/Leblanc-Nicolas.html
https://www.keionline.org/book/prizes-lots-of-them
https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/george-e-davis
http://www.world-petroleum.org/edu/223-how-is-crude-oil-turned-into-finished-products-
https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-gasoline-1991845
https://www.britannica.com/technology/cracking-chemical-process
https://www.britannica.com/technology/petroleum-refining/Polymerization-and-alkylation
https://www.britannica.com/technology/chemical-engineering#ref257602
https://www.allaboutcareers.com/careers/career-path/biotechnology-engineering
https://www.myklassroom.com/Engineering-branches/20/Bio-Technology
https://www.impossiblefoods.com/burger/
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=biomass_home
“Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering” by David Mautner Himmelblau, James B. Riggs
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Biomedical & Industrial Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #6
We’ve ...
We’ve discussed the four main branches of engineering but there are so many other fields doing important work, so today we’re going to explore a few of them. In this ...episode we’ll explore some of the history and fundamentals of industrial engineering, biomedical engineering, and bioengineering.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.livescience.com/47702-aerospace-engineering.html
https://www.egr.msu.edu/undergraduate/academics/programs/aesjob
http://educatingengineers.com/degrees/applied-engineering
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/industrial-engineers.htm
http://mime.oregonstate.edu/what-do-industrial-engineers-do
https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/lights-out-manufacturing/
https://www.automationworld.com/article/technologies/robotics/turning-out-lights-factory-floor
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-W-Taylor
http://www.mtu.edu/biomedical/department/what-is/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/bioengineering
https://www.livescience.com/59581-ancient-prosthetic-toe-found-in-egyptian-grave.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/study-reveals-secrets-ancient-cairo-toe-180963783/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Laennec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570491/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-Rontgen
https://www.seas.upenn.edu/about-seas/history.php
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2962861/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537472/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014296121301569X
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.livescience.com/47702-aerospace-engineering.html
https://www.egr.msu.edu/undergraduate/academics/programs/aesjob
http://educatingengineers.com/degrees/applied-engineering
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/industrial-engineers.htm
http://mime.oregonstate.edu/what-do-industrial-engineers-do
https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/lights-out-manufacturing/
https://www.automationworld.com/article/technologies/robotics/turning-out-lights-factory-floor
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-W-Taylor
http://www.mtu.edu/biomedical/department/what-is/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/bioengineering
https://www.livescience.com/59581-ancient-prosthetic-toe-found-in-egyptian-grave.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/study-reveals-secrets-ancient-cairo-toe-180963783/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Laennec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570491/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-Rontgen
https://www.seas.upenn.edu/about-seas/history.php
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2962861/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537472/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014296121301569X
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
The Law of Conservation: Crash Course Engineering #7
Today ...
Today Shini explains the law of conservation, beginning with simple, steady-state systems. We’ll discuss conversion and yield, accumulation, and how generation and consumption can affect how much accumulation there is ...in a system.
This episode is sponsored by CuriosityStream: http://curiositystream.com/crashcourse
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.keenovens.com/articles/steel-furnance.htm
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Stainless-Steel.html
https://www.nps.gov/stli/faqs.htm
https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/places_restoring.htm
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-doesnt-stainless-stee/
https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-do-some-things-rust
https://www.engineersedge.com/thermodynamics/steady_state.htm
https://www.britannica.com/science/conservation-law
http://www.keenovens.com/articles/steel-furnance.htm
http://discoverykids.com/articles/how-is-steel-made-from-iron/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/steel/History
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/ironsteel.html
https://agt.si.edu/cultural_history/turkey/bronze-iron_tr.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Bessemer-process
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Bessemer
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Chemical_Engineering_Processes/Steady_state_energy_balance
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Chemical_Engineering_Processes
https://www.foodnavigator-asia.com/Article/2012/05/02/China-halts-production-at-chlorine-contamination-Coca-Cola-bottling-plant#
http://www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/china-shuts-down-coca-cola-plant-after-chlorine-reports
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
This episode is sponsored by CuriosityStream: http://curiositystream.com/crashcourse
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.keenovens.com/articles/steel-furnance.htm
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Stainless-Steel.html
https://www.nps.gov/stli/faqs.htm
https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/places_restoring.htm
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-doesnt-stainless-stee/
https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-do-some-things-rust
https://www.engineersedge.com/thermodynamics/steady_state.htm
https://www.britannica.com/science/conservation-law
http://www.keenovens.com/articles/steel-furnance.htm
http://discoverykids.com/articles/how-is-steel-made-from-iron/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/steel/History
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/ironsteel.html
https://agt.si.edu/cultural_history/turkey/bronze-iron_tr.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Bessemer-process
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Bessemer
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Chemical_Engineering_Processes/Steady_state_energy_balance
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Chemical_Engineering_Processes
https://www.foodnavigator-asia.com/Article/2012/05/02/China-halts-production-at-chlorine-contamination-Coca-Cola-bottling-plant#
http://www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/china-shuts-down-coca-cola-plant-after-chlorine-reports
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Reversibility & Irreversibility: Crash Course Engineering #8
How ...
How do we design the most efficient machines and processes? Today we’ll try to figure that out as we discuss heat & work, reversibility & irreversibility, and how to use ...efficiency to measure a system.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://leadfootengineering.com/pistons-101
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/piston
https://x-engineer.org/automotive-engineering/internal-combustion-engines/ice-components-systems/internal-combustion-engine-piston/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/piston-and-cylinder
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/thermodynamics/4616-what-are-reversible-and-irreversible-processes/
http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node51.html
http://vle.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=6225&chapterid=6991
http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~dmckwski/engr2010/availability2b.pdf
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://leadfootengineering.com/pistons-101
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/piston
https://x-engineer.org/automotive-engineering/internal-combustion-engines/ice-components-systems/internal-combustion-engine-piston/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/piston-and-cylinder
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/thermodynamics/4616-what-are-reversible-and-irreversible-processes/
http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node51.html
http://vle.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=6225&chapterid=6991
http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~dmckwski/engr2010/availability2b.pdf
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
The First & Zeroth Laws of Thermodynamics: Crash Course Engineering #9
In ...
In today’s episode we’ll explore thermodynamics and some of the ways it shows up in our daily lives. We’ll learn the zeroth law of thermodynamics, what it means to reach ...a thermal equilibrium, and define the first law of thermodynamics. We’ll also explore how stationary, adiabatic, and isochoric processes can make our lives as engineers a little easier.
Note: Different branches of engineering sometimes define the first law of thermodynamics differently, depending on how work is defined. Essentially, work released from a system might be defined as a positive value or a negative value, and thus the first law can be defined as either Q-W or Q+W. Both are acceptable forms, depending on how the system is defined! We chose to focus on only one definition here to limit the confusion.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node15.html
https://www.livescience.com/50776-thermodynamics.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/chemical-processes/thermochemistry/a/endothermic-vs-exothermic-reactions
https://www.wired.com/2014/12/whats-inside-hot-hands/
http://www.chemistryislife.com/the-chemistry-of-hand-warmer
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/thereq.html
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/thermo0.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/firlaw.html
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Kinetic-Energy
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy
https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2014/01/the_physics_of_getting_punched_in_the_face.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/inteng.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/internal-energy
https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-engineering/thermodynamics/thermodynamic-processes/isochoric-process-isometric-process/
https://www.britannica.com/science/enthalpy
http://pillars.che.pitt.edu/student/slide.cgi?course_id=12&slide_id=35.0
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/the-first-law-of-thermodynamics/
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/the-laws-of-thermodynamics/a/the-laws-of-thermodynamics
http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/first-law_p2.html
https://water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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Note: Different branches of engineering sometimes define the first law of thermodynamics differently, depending on how work is defined. Essentially, work released from a system might be defined as a positive value or a negative value, and thus the first law can be defined as either Q-W or Q+W. Both are acceptable forms, depending on how the system is defined! We chose to focus on only one definition here to limit the confusion.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node15.html
https://www.livescience.com/50776-thermodynamics.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/chemical-processes/thermochemistry/a/endothermic-vs-exothermic-reactions
https://www.wired.com/2014/12/whats-inside-hot-hands/
http://www.chemistryislife.com/the-chemistry-of-hand-warmer
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/thereq.html
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/thermo0.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/firlaw.html
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Kinetic-Energy
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy
https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2014/01/the_physics_of_getting_punched_in_the_face.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/inteng.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/internal-energy
https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-engineering/thermodynamics/thermodynamic-processes/isochoric-process-isometric-process/
https://www.britannica.com/science/enthalpy
http://pillars.che.pitt.edu/student/slide.cgi?course_id=12&slide_id=35.0
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/the-first-law-of-thermodynamics/
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/the-laws-of-thermodynamics/a/the-laws-of-thermodynamics
http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/first-law_p2.html
https://water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Why We Can't Invent a Perfect Engine: Crash Course Engineering #10
We’ve ...
We’ve introduced the 0th and 1st laws of thermodynamics, so now it’s time to move on to the second law and how we came to understand it. We’ll explain the ...differences between the first and second law, and we’ll talk about the Carnot cycle and why we can never design a perfectly efficient engine.
This episode is sponsored by CuriosityStream: http://curiositystream.com/crashcourse
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.thedrive.com/tech/18919/toyota-develops-worlds-most-thermally-efficient-2-0-liter-engine
https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/powertrain2018/engine/
https://www.gepower.com/content/dam/gepower-pgdp/global/en_US/documents/product/gas%20turbines/Fact%20Sheet/7ha-fact-sheet-oct15.pdf
http://www.gasturbineworld.com/ge-7ha.html
https://www.livescience.com/50941-second-law-thermodynamics.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/the-laws-of-thermodynamics/a/the-laws-of-thermodynamics
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/courses/thoc/Thermodynamics.html
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node80.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sadi-Carnot-French-scientist
https://www.britannica.com/science/Carnot-cycle
http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Thermal_efficiency
https://www.britannica.com/science/entropy-physics
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
This episode is sponsored by CuriosityStream: http://curiositystream.com/crashcourse
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.thedrive.com/tech/18919/toyota-develops-worlds-most-thermally-efficient-2-0-liter-engine
https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/powertrain2018/engine/
https://www.gepower.com/content/dam/gepower-pgdp/global/en_US/documents/product/gas%20turbines/Fact%20Sheet/7ha-fact-sheet-oct15.pdf
http://www.gasturbineworld.com/ge-7ha.html
https://www.livescience.com/50941-second-law-thermodynamics.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/the-laws-of-thermodynamics/a/the-laws-of-thermodynamics
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/courses/thoc/Thermodynamics.html
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node80.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sadi-Carnot-French-scientist
https://www.britannica.com/science/Carnot-cycle
http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Thermal_efficiency
https://www.britannica.com/science/entropy-physics
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Heat Engines, Refrigerators, & Cycles: Crash Course Engineering #11
...
Cycles are a big deal in engineering. Today we’ll explain what they are and how they’re used in heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps. We’ll also discuss phase diagrams and ...the power of using renewable energy resources
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heaeng.html
https://www.livescience.com/57797-refrigerator-history.html
https://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/cycles_general.html
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cycle
http://www.historyofrefrigeration.com/refrigeration-invention/jacob-perkins/
https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/jacob-perkins
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch14/phase.php
https://practicalaction.org/zeer-pot-fridge
https://gizmodo.com/5935104/how-to-make-an-electricity-free-refrigerator
https://www.nwwindandsolar.com/solar-power-in-seattle-and-the-northwest/how-do-solar-systems-produce-energy/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-solar-power-work/
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/thermo/design-library/refrig/refrig.html
http://professorglobal.cbpf.br/MathMatters/AirCondioning.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heaeng.html
https://www.livescience.com/57797-refrigerator-history.html
https://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/cycles_general.html
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cycle
http://www.historyofrefrigeration.com/refrigeration-invention/jacob-perkins/
https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/jacob-perkins
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch14/phase.php
https://practicalaction.org/zeer-pot-fridge
https://gizmodo.com/5935104/how-to-make-an-electricity-free-refrigerator
https://www.nwwindandsolar.com/solar-power-in-seattle-and-the-northwest/how-do-solar-systems-produce-energy/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-solar-power-work/
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/thermo/design-library/refrig/refrig.html
http://professorglobal.cbpf.br/MathMatters/AirCondioning.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Stress, Strain & Quicksand: Crash Course Engineering #12
Today ...
Today we’re talking all about fluid mechanics! We’ll look at different scales that we work with as engineers, mass and energy transfers, the no-slip condition, stress and strain, Newton’s law ...of viscosity, Reynold’s number, and more!
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.howacarworks.com/technology/car-aerodynamics
http://www.automobilemag.com/news/benefits-of-aerodynamics/
http://www.engineeringarchives.com/les_fm_noslip.html
https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/336L/Fluid/node110.html
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/StressStrain.htm
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/stress-strain-d_950.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/fluid-mechanics
https://www.britannica.com/science/viscosity#ref166126
http://www.mne.psu.edu/cimbala/Learning/Fluid/Introductory/what_is_fluid_mechanics.htm
https://mechaengineerings.wordpress.com/2015/05/25/viscosity/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osborne-Reynolds
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/BGH/reynolds.html
http://www.uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-building/LECTURE/dams%20and%20water/first_class/Lect.No.8-pdf.pdf
https://www.princeton.edu/~gasdyn/Research/T-C_Research_Folder/Viscosity_def.html
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/laminar-transitional-turbulent-flow-d_577.html
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_bernoulli_lesson01_activity1
https://sciencestruck.com/what-is-reynolds-number-what-are-its-applications
https://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/transition.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.howacarworks.com/technology/car-aerodynamics
http://www.automobilemag.com/news/benefits-of-aerodynamics/
http://www.engineeringarchives.com/les_fm_noslip.html
https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/336L/Fluid/node110.html
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/StressStrain.htm
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/stress-strain-d_950.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/fluid-mechanics
https://www.britannica.com/science/viscosity#ref166126
http://www.mne.psu.edu/cimbala/Learning/Fluid/Introductory/what_is_fluid_mechanics.htm
https://mechaengineerings.wordpress.com/2015/05/25/viscosity/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osborne-Reynolds
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/BGH/reynolds.html
http://www.uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-building/LECTURE/dams%20and%20water/first_class/Lect.No.8-pdf.pdf
https://www.princeton.edu/~gasdyn/Research/T-C_Research_Folder/Viscosity_def.html
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/laminar-transitional-turbulent-flow-d_577.html
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_bernoulli_lesson01_activity1
https://sciencestruck.com/what-is-reynolds-number-what-are-its-applications
https://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/transition.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Fluid Flow & Equipment: Crash Course Engineering #13
Today ...
Today we’ll dive further into fluid flow and how we can use equipment to apply our skills. We explain Bernoulli’s Principle and the relationship between speed and pressure in certain ...flowing fluids. We’ll also discuss how to apply the principle with Bernoulli’s Equation and try to use it in real-world examples.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Bernoulli
https://www.britannica.com/science/Bernoullis-theorem
https://www.aaas.org/blog/scientia/bernoulli-succeeded-despite-paternal-rivalry
http://www.intellectualventureslab.com/invent/scientists-in-history-daniel-bernoulli
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/fluid-dynamics/a/what-is-bernoullis-equation
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pber.html
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node68.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/press.html#fke
https://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/Bernoulli.html
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/mechanical-energy-equation-d_614.html
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/bernoullis-principle
https://www.dultmeier.com/technical-library/how-does-a-centrifugal-pump-work.php
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Bernoulli
https://www.britannica.com/science/Bernoullis-theorem
https://www.aaas.org/blog/scientia/bernoulli-succeeded-despite-paternal-rivalry
http://www.intellectualventureslab.com/invent/scientists-in-history-daniel-bernoulli
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/fluid-dynamics/a/what-is-bernoullis-equation
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pber.html
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node68.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/press.html#fke
https://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/Bernoulli.html
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/mechanical-energy-equation-d_614.html
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/bernoullis-principle
https://www.dultmeier.com/technical-library/how-does-a-centrifugal-pump-work.php
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
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Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Heat Transfer: Crash Course Engineering #14
Today ...
Today we’re talking about heat transfer and the different mechanisms behind it. We’ll explore conduction, the thermal conductivity of materials, convection, boundary layers, and radiation.
Crash Course Engineering is produced ...in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/thermo1.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/firlaw.html
http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/light_lessons/thermal/transfer.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/beat-the-heat/en/
http://www.weather.gov/jetstream/heat
https://physics.info/conduction/
https://physics.info/convection/
https://physics.info/radiation/
http://thermopedia.com/content/781/
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced ...in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/thermo1.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/firlaw.html
http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/light_lessons/thermal/transfer.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/beat-the-heat/en/
http://www.weather.gov/jetstream/heat
https://physics.info/conduction/
https://physics.info/convection/
https://physics.info/radiation/
http://thermopedia.com/content/781/
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
How Not to Set Your Pizza on Fire: Crash Course Engineering #15
Today ...
Today we’re going to explain how exchangers...exchange heat. We’ll look at concentric tubes, finned tubes, plate heat exchangers, and shell-and-tube heat exchangers. And we’ll look at some equations to help ...us sort through heat transfer and decide what heat exchangers are best suited for our designs.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.northeastern.edu/landherr/stem-comics/science-comic-heat-exchangers/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/heat-exchanger
http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/finned-tube-heat-exchangers/
https://www.maxxtec.com/en/product/automatisch-aus-titel-generieren/heat-exchanger/finned-tube-heat-exchanger-maxxtec
https://www.wcrhx.com/plate-heat-exchangers
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1121/
https://www.britannica.com/science/heat-capacity
http://www.lytron.com/Tools-and-Technical-Reference/Application-Notes/What-is-a-Heat-Exchanger
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/XRAYHEAT/
http://capstone.byu.edu/previous-projects/test-station-x-ray-heat-exchanger
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.northeastern.edu/landherr/stem-comics/science-comic-heat-exchangers/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/heat-exchanger
http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/03/finned-tube-heat-exchangers/
https://www.maxxtec.com/en/product/automatisch-aus-titel-generieren/heat-exchanger/finned-tube-heat-exchanger-maxxtec
https://www.wcrhx.com/plate-heat-exchangers
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1121/
https://www.britannica.com/science/heat-capacity
http://www.lytron.com/Tools-and-Technical-Reference/Application-Notes/What-is-a-Heat-Exchanger
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/XRAYHEAT/
http://capstone.byu.edu/previous-projects/test-station-x-ray-heat-exchanger
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Drugs, Dyes, & Mass Transfer: Crash Course Engineering #16
Today ...
Today we’re talking about mass transfer. It doesn’t just apply to objects and fluids as a whole, but also to the individual molecules and components that make them up. We’ll ...see that transfers of mass need their own driving force, discuss diffusion, and use Fick’s Law to help us model mass transfer.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.comsol.com/multiphysics/what-is-mass-transfer
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/940/
https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-equilibrium
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/627/
https://www.britannica.com/science/fugacity
https://www.britannica.com/science/solution-chemistry#ref141855
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/diffus.html
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kz9ajgRYMG4plCVZbhZubvpY2-zEz2tDMH59uRISRjg/edit
https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/oral-insulin
https://www.britannica.com/science/principles-of-physical-science/Concepts-fundamental-to-the-attitudes-and-methods-of-physical-science#ref366362
https://www.slideshare.net/arijabuhaniyeh/diffusion-physical-pharmacy
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.comsol.com/multiphysics/what-is-mass-transfer
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/940/
https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-equilibrium
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/627/
https://www.britannica.com/science/fugacity
https://www.britannica.com/science/solution-chemistry#ref141855
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/diffus.html
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kz9ajgRYMG4plCVZbhZubvpY2-zEz2tDMH59uRISRjg/edit
https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/oral-insulin
https://www.britannica.com/science/principles-of-physical-science/Concepts-fundamental-to-the-attitudes-and-methods-of-physical-science#ref366362
https://www.slideshare.net/arijabuhaniyeh/diffusion-physical-pharmacy
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Mass Separation: Crash Course Engineering #17
It ...
It can be really important to separate out chemicals for all kinds of reasons. Today we’re going over three different processes engineers use to achieve that separation: distillation, which separates ...substances based on their different boiling points; liquid-liquid extraction, which uses differences in solubility to transfer a contaminant into a solvent; and reverse osmosis, which filters molecules from a solvent by pressurizing it through a semipermeable barrier.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/science/q-a-salt-water-and-fresh.html
https://www.grida.no/resources/5808
https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/67/12/1026/4605229
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ethanol
https://www.britannica.com/science/distillation
http://www.srsengineering.com/our-products/distillation-columns/how-columns-work/
http://www.wermac.org/equipment/distillation_part2.html
https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2015/november/design-principles-liquid-liquid-extraction
https://puretecwater.com/reverse-osmosis/what-is-reverse-osmosis#understanding-reverse-osmosis
https://www.veoliawatertechnologies.co.uk/technologies/reverse-osmosis
http://www.toraywater.com/knowledge/kno_001_01.html
https://www.pureaqua.com/reverse-osmosis-water-treatment-in-saudi-arabia/
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2051-separating-out-foods-into-component-molecules
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/chromatography.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/science/q-a-salt-water-and-fresh.html
https://www.grida.no/resources/5808
https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/67/12/1026/4605229
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ethanol
https://www.britannica.com/science/distillation
http://www.srsengineering.com/our-products/distillation-columns/how-columns-work/
http://www.wermac.org/equipment/distillation_part2.html
https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2015/november/design-principles-liquid-liquid-extraction
https://puretecwater.com/reverse-osmosis/what-is-reverse-osmosis#understanding-reverse-osmosis
https://www.veoliawatertechnologies.co.uk/technologies/reverse-osmosis
http://www.toraywater.com/knowledge/kno_001_01.html
https://www.pureaqua.com/reverse-osmosis-water-treatment-in-saudi-arabia/
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2051-separating-out-foods-into-component-molecules
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/chromatography.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Reaching Breaking Point: Materials, Stresses, & Toughness: Crash Course Engineering #18
Today ...
Today we’re going to start thinking about materials that are used in engineering. We’ll look at mechanical properties of materials, stress-strain diagrams, elasticity and toughness, and describe other material properties ...like hardness, creep strength, and fatigue strength.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://writing.engr.psu.edu/uer/bassett.html
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/stone-tools
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/features/aerogels.html
https://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/learn/applications/
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/StressStrain.htm
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6052
http://ispatguru.com/material-hardness-and-hardness-testing/
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/Toughness.htm
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U6wX-3C8ygcC&pg=PA1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/faq-what-is-charpy-testing/
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fatigue%20strength
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://writing.engr.psu.edu/uer/bassett.html
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/stone-tools
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/features/aerogels.html
https://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/learn/applications/
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/StressStrain.htm
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6052
http://ispatguru.com/material-hardness-and-hardness-testing/
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/Toughness.htm
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U6wX-3C8ygcC&pg=PA1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/faq-what-is-charpy-testing/
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fatigue%20strength
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Metals & Ceramics: Crash Course Engineering #19
Today ...
Today we’ll explore more about two of the three main types of materials that we use as engineers: metals and ceramics. We’ll discuss properties of metals, alloys, ceramics, clay, cement, ...and glass-ceramic materials. We’ll also look at the applications of our materials with microelectromechanical systems and accelerometers.
Correction: aluminum oxide is not rust; rust refers only to iron oxide. Aluminum does corrode and the process by which it corrodes has been referred to as 'rusting', even if it is technically not rusting unless the material is iron or steel.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/metal.htm
https://www.britannica.com/science/metal-chemistry
https://www.thebalance.com/ductility-metallurgy-4019295
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/malleability-and-ductility-of-metal/
https://www.alacero.org/en/page/el-acero/what-is-steel
https://www.britannica.com/technology/stainless-steel
https://www.britannica.com/science/metallic-bond
https://www.accessscience.com/content/free-electron-theory-of-metals/271210
http://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/cast-iron-vs-cast-steel#gref
http://www.mse.umd.edu/whatismse/ceramics
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/glass-ceramics
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/manufacturing-technology/56841-what-are-ceramic-materials-and-their-uses/
https://www.murata.com/en-us/about/rd/stone/dielectric
http://lowcarboneconomy.cembureau.eu/index.php?page=where-is-cement-used
https://happytoothnc.com/ceramic-braces-vs-traditional/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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Correction: aluminum oxide is not rust; rust refers only to iron oxide. Aluminum does corrode and the process by which it corrodes has been referred to as 'rusting', even if it is technically not rusting unless the material is iron or steel.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/metal.htm
https://www.britannica.com/science/metal-chemistry
https://www.thebalance.com/ductility-metallurgy-4019295
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/malleability-and-ductility-of-metal/
https://www.alacero.org/en/page/el-acero/what-is-steel
https://www.britannica.com/technology/stainless-steel
https://www.britannica.com/science/metallic-bond
https://www.accessscience.com/content/free-electron-theory-of-metals/271210
http://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/cast-iron-vs-cast-steel#gref
http://www.mse.umd.edu/whatismse/ceramics
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/glass-ceramics
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/manufacturing-technology/56841-what-are-ceramic-materials-and-their-uses/
https://www.murata.com/en-us/about/rd/stone/dielectric
http://lowcarboneconomy.cembureau.eu/index.php?page=where-is-cement-used
https://happytoothnc.com/ceramic-braces-vs-traditional/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
The Polymer Explosion: Crash Course Engineering #20
We’re ...
We’re continuing our look at engineering materials with third main type of material that you’ll encounter as an engineer: polymers. They’re made of long, repeating chains of smaller molecules known ...as monomers and today we’ll explore their strange history of polymers and the things that contributed to how we use them today.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2004/12/how_high_can_a_fire_hose_shoot.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/polymer
http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm
https://www.livescience.com/60682-polymers.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/copolymer
https://www.britannica.com/science/elastomer
https://www.cmu.edu/gelfand/education/k12-teachers/polymers/natural-synthetic-polymers/
http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/xlink.htm
https://www.britannica.com/technology/vulcanization
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/06/100628-science-ancient-maya-aztec-rubber-balls-beheaded/
https://www.britannica.com/science/polyvinyl-acetate
https://sciencebob.com/make-your-own-bouncy-ball/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/once-upon-time-exploding-billiard-balls-were-everyday-thing-180962751/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hermann-Staudinger
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/ghost-army-the-inflatable-tanks-that-fooled-hitler/276137/
https://www.britannica.com/science/polyethylene-terephthalate
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v11/29
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2004/12/how_high_can_a_fire_hose_shoot.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/polymer
http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm
https://www.livescience.com/60682-polymers.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/copolymer
https://www.britannica.com/science/elastomer
https://www.cmu.edu/gelfand/education/k12-teachers/polymers/natural-synthetic-polymers/
http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/xlink.htm
https://www.britannica.com/technology/vulcanization
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/06/100628-science-ancient-maya-aztec-rubber-balls-beheaded/
https://www.britannica.com/science/polyvinyl-acetate
https://sciencebob.com/make-your-own-bouncy-ball/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/once-upon-time-exploding-billiard-balls-were-everyday-thing-180962751/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hermann-Staudinger
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/ghost-army-the-inflatable-tanks-that-fooled-hitler/276137/
https://www.britannica.com/science/polyethylene-terephthalate
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v11/29
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
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Now Playing
Electrical Power, Conductors, & Your Dream Home: Crash Course Engineering #21
...
Today, we'll explore the materials electrical engineers work with. We'll look at high-conductors, insulators, and how low-conductivity conductors can be used to generate light and heat.
Crash Course Engineering is produced ...in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
PBS Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g
***
RESOURCES:
https://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/ben-franklin-furry-situation/
https://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/woppos.html
https://www.electrical4u.com/high-resistivity-or-low-conductivity-conducting-material/
https://www.performancewire.com/insulated-wire-protection/
https://sciencing.com/printed-circuit-boards-used-5031475.html
https://www.livescience.com/38997-facts-about-tungsten.html
https://www.celticgold.eu/en/gold-university/fake-gold-bars.html
http://megaanswers.com/why-does-the-filament-of-a-bulb-burn-out-when-exposed-to-atmosphere/
https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/physics/x-ray_physics_production#top_1st_img
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced ...in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
PBS Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g
***
RESOURCES:
https://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/ben-franklin-furry-situation/
https://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/woppos.html
https://www.electrical4u.com/high-resistivity-or-low-conductivity-conducting-material/
https://www.performancewire.com/insulated-wire-protection/
https://sciencing.com/printed-circuit-boards-used-5031475.html
https://www.livescience.com/38997-facts-about-tungsten.html
https://www.celticgold.eu/en/gold-university/fake-gold-bars.html
http://megaanswers.com/why-does-the-filament-of-a-bulb-burn-out-when-exposed-to-atmosphere/
https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/physics/x-ray_physics_production#top_1st_img
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Silicon, Semiconductors, & Solar Cells: Crash Course Engineering #22
Today ...
Today we’re looking at silicon, and how introducing small amounts of other elements allow silicon layers to conduct currents, turning them into semiconductors. We’ll explore how putting two different types ...– N and P semiconductors – together gives us electrical components like diodes, transistors, and solar cells.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Reactions: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdJ9oJ2GUF8Vmb-G63ldGWg
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1956/
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howtransistorswork.html
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2013-2014/how-a-solar-cell-works.html
http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/Environmental/L9/2.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Reactions: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdJ9oJ2GUF8Vmb-G63ldGWg
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1956/
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howtransistorswork.html
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2013-2014/how-a-solar-cell-works.html
http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/Environmental/L9/2.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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Now Playing
The Mighty Power of Nanomaterials: Crash Course Engineering #23
Just ...
Just how small are nanomaterials? And what can we do with stuff that small? Today we’ll discuss some special properties of nanomaterials, how some can change at different sizes, and ...the difference between engineered nanomaterials and ones that occur naturally. We’ll also talk about some of the future research that’s needed on the use of nanomaterials.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Deep Look: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-3SbfTPJsL8fJAPKiVqBLg
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.safenano.org/knowledgebase/resources/faqs/what-is-a-nanomaterial/
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-nano/index.cfm
https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/nanomaterials/en/l-2/1.htm
https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/seeing-nano
https://www.britannica.com/technology/nanotechnology
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/materials-and-applications/nanomaterials.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/scanning-tunneling-microscope
http://www.hwnanomaterial.com/nanomaterials_n63
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2016/4964828/
https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/special
https://www.zdnet.com/article/nanotechnology-to-end-insulin-injections-for-diabetics/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4240321/
http://news.mit.edu/2014/solid-nanoparticles-deform-like-liquid-1012
https://www.nanoscience.com/applications/education/overview/cnt-technology-overview/
http://www.understandingnano.com/nanotubes-carbon.html
http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/10/06/smallest-transistor-1-nm-gate/
https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2016/10/6/13187820/one-nanometer-transistor-berkeley-lab-moores-law
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Deep Look: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-3SbfTPJsL8fJAPKiVqBLg
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.safenano.org/knowledgebase/resources/faqs/what-is-a-nanomaterial/
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-nano/index.cfm
https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/nanomaterials/en/l-2/1.htm
https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/seeing-nano
https://www.britannica.com/technology/nanotechnology
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/materials-and-applications/nanomaterials.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/scanning-tunneling-microscope
http://www.hwnanomaterial.com/nanomaterials_n63
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2016/4964828/
https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/special
https://www.zdnet.com/article/nanotechnology-to-end-insulin-injections-for-diabetics/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4240321/
http://news.mit.edu/2014/solid-nanoparticles-deform-like-liquid-1012
https://www.nanoscience.com/applications/education/overview/cnt-technology-overview/
http://www.understandingnano.com/nanotubes-carbon.html
http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/10/06/smallest-transistor-1-nm-gate/
https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2016/10/6/13187820/one-nanometer-transistor-berkeley-lab-moores-law
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Biomaterials: Crash Course Engineering #24
We’ve ...
We’ve talked about different materials engineers use to build things in the world, but there’s a special category of materials they turn to when building things to go inside our ...bodies. In this episode we’ll explore the world biomaterials like titanium and their coatings, the special chemistry of polyurethane, and the cross-linked structure of hydrogels. We’ll also look at the importance of safety & research, as well as the enormous future potential of biomaterials.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/biomaterials
https://mse.osu.edu/research/biomaterials
https://www.nature.com/subjects/biomaterials
http://www.medibrane.com/bio-absorbable-implants/
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/7906/7906sci2.html
https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/biocompatibility
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123213000969
http://www.jbiomeds.com/biomedical-sciences/history-and-applications-of-hydrogels.php?aid=7218
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-016-5329-6
http://fortune.com/2012/09/18/bad-to-the-bone-a-medical-horror-story/
https://ame.nd.edu/research/faculty-research-labs/rroeder/classes/ame-50571/fortunesynthes.pdf
http://cornellsun.com/2010/09/21/the-scientist-david-putnam/
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1520
https://www.omicsonline.org/scholarly/bio-inert-materials-journals-articles-ppts-list.php
https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/42056
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-306-48584-8_7
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0945053X14000511
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623672
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894870
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139820/
http://file.scirp.org/Html/2-1430795_51883.htm
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/biomaterials
https://mse.osu.edu/research/biomaterials
https://www.nature.com/subjects/biomaterials
http://www.medibrane.com/bio-absorbable-implants/
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/7906/7906sci2.html
https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/biocompatibility
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123213000969
http://www.jbiomeds.com/biomedical-sciences/history-and-applications-of-hydrogels.php?aid=7218
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-016-5329-6
http://fortune.com/2012/09/18/bad-to-the-bone-a-medical-horror-story/
https://ame.nd.edu/research/faculty-research-labs/rroeder/classes/ame-50571/fortunesynthes.pdf
http://cornellsun.com/2010/09/21/the-scientist-david-putnam/
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1520
https://www.omicsonline.org/scholarly/bio-inert-materials-journals-articles-ppts-list.php
https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/42056
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-306-48584-8_7
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0945053X14000511
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623672
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894870
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139820/
http://file.scirp.org/Html/2-1430795_51883.htm
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Cheese, Catastrophes, & Process Control: Crash Course Engineering #25
...
Engineering, like life, could really use a lot more cheese. This week we are looking at a cheese factory in Toronto and what it can teach us about process control ...systems. We’ll explore feedforward and feedback systems, and see how integrating them both with the final check of cascade control creates a system made to handle uncertainty the world throws its way.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Global Weirding with Katharine Hayhoe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCi6RkdaEqgRVKi3AzidF4ow
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.improbable.com/2018/01/10/the-100th-birthday-of-murphy-the-murphy-of-murphys-law/
http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/trek/4wd/crasht.htm
http://www.proflow.ca/case-studies/process-control-misapplication.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howtoiletswork.html
https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/heat-exchangers-on-ship-explained/
https://www.controleng.com/single-article/applying-heat-exchanger-control-strategies/81538b26c934f76ca70fde5d7b2181f6.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Global Weirding with Katharine Hayhoe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCi6RkdaEqgRVKi3AzidF4ow
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.improbable.com/2018/01/10/the-100th-birthday-of-murphy-the-murphy-of-murphys-law/
http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/trek/4wd/crasht.htm
http://www.proflow.ca/case-studies/process-control-misapplication.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howtoiletswork.html
https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/heat-exchangers-on-ship-explained/
https://www.controleng.com/single-article/applying-heat-exchanger-control-strategies/81538b26c934f76ca70fde5d7b2181f6.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Skyscrapers, Statics, & Dynamics: Crash Course Engineering #26
What ...
What if you were on a high floor of a skyscraper and the building started swaying? Today we’ll explore statics and dynamics, and what they mean for the structures we ...design. We look at the idea of static equilibrium, forces, and torques, and how free body diagrams can help us make sense of it all.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Physics Girl: https://www.youtube.com/physicsgirl
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1995/05/29/the-fifty-nine-story-crisis
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Physics Girl: https://www.youtube.com/physicsgirl
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1995/05/29/the-fifty-nine-story-crisis
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Engineering Ethics: Crash Course Engineering #27
We’ve ...
We’ve talked about many important concepts for engineers, but today we’re going to discuss a hugely important one that you might not even realize is an engineering concept: ethics. We’ll ...talk about what a Code of Ethics is. We’ll explore engineering ethics and the ethical theories of utilitarianism, rights ethics, and duty ethics. We’ll also take a look at a few different real life examples of ethical problems in engineering.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Origin of Everything: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiB8h9jD2Mlxx96ZFnGDSJw
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/intro_1.shtml
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethic
https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics
https://www.asce.org/question-of-ethics-articles/aug-2011/
https://www.asce.org/question-of-ethics-articles/jan-2007/
http://www.asce.org/code-of-ethics/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/
https://onlinemasters.ohio.edu/blog/ultimate-guide-to-engineering-ethics/’
https://www.raeng.org.uk/policy/engineering-ethics/ethics
https://interestingengineering.com/understanding-hyatt-regency-walkway-collapse
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Jennifer French Lee, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Origin of Everything: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiB8h9jD2Mlxx96ZFnGDSJw
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/intro_1.shtml
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethic
https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics
https://www.asce.org/question-of-ethics-articles/aug-2011/
https://www.asce.org/question-of-ethics-articles/jan-2007/
http://www.asce.org/code-of-ethics/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/
https://onlinemasters.ohio.edu/blog/ultimate-guide-to-engineering-ethics/’
https://www.raeng.org.uk/policy/engineering-ethics/ethics
https://interestingengineering.com/understanding-hyatt-regency-walkway-collapse
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Jennifer French Lee, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Flirting With Disaster - The Importance of Safety: Crash Course Engineering #28
This ...
This episode is supported by CuriosityStream
http://www.curiositystream.com/crashcourse
As engineer, sometimes lives will be in your hands, so this week we’re exploring safety and its impact on engineering. We’ll discuss the difference between ...occupational safety and public safety and how to analyze and review a process for any potential dangers with things like HAZOP. We’ll learn the dangers of having too *many* alarms and look at how important it is to adopt a good mindset of safety culture.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/safety-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/topic/safety-condition
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/usu_safety_activity1
http://www.higieneocupacional.com.br/download/hazop.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-reactor/Liquid-metal-reactors#ref155230
https://www.manufacturing.net/article/2018/07/global-approach-factory-safety
http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/casetexaco94.htm
https://www.icheme.org/~/media/Documents/Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_Prevention/HSE%20Accident%20Reports/The%20Explosion%20and%20Fires%20at%20the%20Texaco%20Refinery%20Milford%20Haven.pdf
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/working-conditions-factories-issue
https://www.history.com/topics/triangle-shirtwaist-fire
https://www.iaea.org/topics/nuclear-power-plant-safety
https://www.nei.org/fundamentals/safety
http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx
https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/emerg-preparedness.html
http://nuclearconnect.org/know-nuclear/talking-nuclear/reactor-safety
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Jennifer French Lee, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
http://www.curiositystream.com/crashcourse
As engineer, sometimes lives will be in your hands, so this week we’re exploring safety and its impact on engineering. We’ll discuss the difference between ...occupational safety and public safety and how to analyze and review a process for any potential dangers with things like HAZOP. We’ll learn the dangers of having too *many* alarms and look at how important it is to adopt a good mindset of safety culture.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/safety-engineering
https://www.britannica.com/topic/safety-condition
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/usu_safety_activity1
http://www.higieneocupacional.com.br/download/hazop.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-reactor/Liquid-metal-reactors#ref155230
https://www.manufacturing.net/article/2018/07/global-approach-factory-safety
http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/casetexaco94.htm
https://www.icheme.org/~/media/Documents/Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_Prevention/HSE%20Accident%20Reports/The%20Explosion%20and%20Fires%20at%20the%20Texaco%20Refinery%20Milford%20Haven.pdf
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/working-conditions-factories-issue
https://www.history.com/topics/triangle-shirtwaist-fire
https://www.iaea.org/topics/nuclear-power-plant-safety
https://www.nei.org/fundamentals/safety
http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx
https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/emerg-preparedness.html
http://nuclearconnect.org/know-nuclear/talking-nuclear/reactor-safety
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Jennifer French Lee, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Preventing Flint - Environmental Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #29
This ...
This episode is supported by CuriosityStream
http://www.curiositystream.com/crashcourse
A lot of work goes into managing our impact on the environment and its impact on us. That work is the work of environmental engineers. ...In this episode we’ll explore water quality, air quality, noise pollution, waste management, and more.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/environmental-engineers.htm
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/20/465545378/lead-laced-water-in-flint-a-step-by-step-look-at-the-makings-of-a-crisis
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/flint-michigan-water.html
https://www.cityofflint.com/state-of-emergency/
http://www2.ku.edu/~kuwpaper/2017Papers/201703.pdf
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/09/21/flints-lead-poisoned-water-had-a-horrifyingly-large-effect-on-fetal-deaths-study-finds/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.52a9a486ecd5
https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/04/us/flint-water-crisis-fast-facts/index.html
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=34&po=10
https://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education2/710-oxygen-water.htm
https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.cornell.edu/dist/3/1009/files/2015/05/Water-Quality-Parameters-Sean-McGlynn1.pdf
https://www.watersystemscouncil.org/download/wellcare_information_sheets/potential_groundwater_contaminant_information_sheets/9709284pH_Update_September_2007.pdf
http://omp.gso.uri.edu/ompweb/doee/science/physical/chsal2.htm
https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/soil/salinity/impacts
https://www.ehs.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/lines-of-services/hazardous-materials/chemicalstoragebooklet.pdf
https://blink.ucsd.edu/safety/research-lab/hazardous-waste/chemical.html#Select-compatible-containers
https://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm
http://rccostello.com/wordpress/distillation/distillation-part-1-packed-towers-vs-tray-plate-towers/
https://asm-air.com/airconditioning/electrostatic-air-filters-work-pros-cons/
https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basics
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es9710870?journalCode=esthag
https://extension.psu.edu/corrosive-water-problems
http://www.aqua-sierra.com/causes-of-low-dissolved-oxygen-and-impact-to-fish/
http://omp.gso.uri.edu/ompweb/doee/science/physical/choxy1.htm
http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/SeparationsChemical/Absorbers/Absorbers.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Jennifer French Lee, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
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Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
http://www.curiositystream.com/crashcourse
A lot of work goes into managing our impact on the environment and its impact on us. That work is the work of environmental engineers. ...In this episode we’ll explore water quality, air quality, noise pollution, waste management, and more.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/environmental-engineers.htm
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/20/465545378/lead-laced-water-in-flint-a-step-by-step-look-at-the-makings-of-a-crisis
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/flint-michigan-water.html
https://www.cityofflint.com/state-of-emergency/
http://www2.ku.edu/~kuwpaper/2017Papers/201703.pdf
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/09/21/flints-lead-poisoned-water-had-a-horrifyingly-large-effect-on-fetal-deaths-study-finds/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.52a9a486ecd5
https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/04/us/flint-water-crisis-fast-facts/index.html
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=34&po=10
https://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education2/710-oxygen-water.htm
https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.cornell.edu/dist/3/1009/files/2015/05/Water-Quality-Parameters-Sean-McGlynn1.pdf
https://www.watersystemscouncil.org/download/wellcare_information_sheets/potential_groundwater_contaminant_information_sheets/9709284pH_Update_September_2007.pdf
http://omp.gso.uri.edu/ompweb/doee/science/physical/chsal2.htm
https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/soil/salinity/impacts
https://www.ehs.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/lines-of-services/hazardous-materials/chemicalstoragebooklet.pdf
https://blink.ucsd.edu/safety/research-lab/hazardous-waste/chemical.html#Select-compatible-containers
https://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm
http://rccostello.com/wordpress/distillation/distillation-part-1-packed-towers-vs-tray-plate-towers/
https://asm-air.com/airconditioning/electrostatic-air-filters-work-pros-cons/
https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basics
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es9710870?journalCode=esthag
https://extension.psu.edu/corrosive-water-problems
http://www.aqua-sierra.com/causes-of-low-dissolved-oxygen-and-impact-to-fish/
http://omp.gso.uri.edu/ompweb/doee/science/physical/choxy1.htm
http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/SeparationsChemical/Absorbers/Absorbers.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Jennifer French Lee, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
The Engineering Challenges of Renewable Energy: Crash Course Engineering #30
This ...
This week we are looking at renewable energy sources and why we need them. We’ll explore hydropower, wind, geothermal, and solar power, as well as some of the challenges, and ...how engineers are working to make their use more widespread.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.energyenvoys.org.uk/sites/default/files/Non-renewable%20and%20renewable%20resources_0.pdf
https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/carbon-dioxide-emissions
https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/hydropower/tech.html
https://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/hydropower/
https://twitter.com/nationalgriduk/status/1014255303175626754
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/9082.aspx
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.energyenvoys.org.uk/sites/default/files/Non-renewable%20and%20renewable%20resources_0.pdf
https://whatsyourimpact.org/greenhouse-gases/carbon-dioxide-emissions
https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/hydropower/tech.html
https://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/hydropower/
https://twitter.com/nationalgriduk/status/1014255303175626754
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/9082.aspx
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
The Future of Clean Energy: Crash Course Engineering #31
This ...
This week we are exploring alternative energy sources. We'll look at how biomass can be burned as a fuel source, how hydrogen can be used in a fuel cell to ...generate electrical power, and how nuclear fission provides power to the grid. We'll also discuss how nuclear fusion might someday do the same without any radioactive waste.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-waste-disposal.htm
https://www.livescience.com/39961-chernobyl.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-waste-disposal.htm
https://www.livescience.com/39961-chernobyl.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Why It's So Hard To Make Better Batteries: Crash Course Engineering #32
There ...
There are batteries powering so many parts of our everyday lives, so today we’re going to talk about how they work and how we can make them better. We’ll explain ...how they provide power by discharging ions between a cathode and an anode, and how reversing that process gives us a way of charging them. We’ll also look at how that batteries deliver voltage differently over time, leading to discharge curves, and some of the work being done to improve the properties of batteries for portable electronics.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://engineering.mit.edu/engage/ask-an-engineer/how-does-a-battery-work/
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/2-how-do-batteries-work.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/batteries.html
https://web.mst.edu/~gbert/BATTERY/battery.html
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-batteries-store-an/
https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-news/swallowable-sensors-sustain-power-stomach-acid
https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/archive/understanding_lithium_ion
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://engineering.mit.edu/engage/ask-an-engineer/how-does-a-battery-work/
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/2-how-do-batteries-work.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/batteries.html
https://web.mst.edu/~gbert/BATTERY/battery.html
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-batteries-store-an/
https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-news/swallowable-sensors-sustain-power-stomach-acid
https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/archive/understanding_lithium_ion
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
How Engineering Robots Works: Crash Course Engineering #33
In ...
In this episode we looked at robots and the engineering principles of robots. We learned how robots use sensors to interpret their environment, how actuators and effectors allow a robot ...to manipulate the objects around it to accomplish a task, and how computers coordinate the efforts of the two.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.wired.com/story/what-is-a-robot/
https://www.superdroidrobots.com/shop/custom.aspx/mining-robots/65/
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/new-robot-surgeon-sews-up-pig-intestines
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/337/337ra64
https://www.motoman.com/robotic-welding
https://blog.robotiq.com/bid/72927/What-is-Included-in-Robotic-Welding-Systems
https://www.cnet.com/news/be-afraid-darpa-unveils-terminator-like-atlas-robot/
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/01/23/atlas_unplugged_darpas_unterminator_robot_cuts_the_power_cable/
https://www.intorobotics.com/fruit-harvesting-robots/
https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/16/object-detection-api/?guccounter=1
http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sklar/teaching/boston-college/s01/mc375/mc375-effectors.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05093-1
https://www.universal-robots.com/industries/automotive-and-subcontractors/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.wired.com/story/what-is-a-robot/
https://www.superdroidrobots.com/shop/custom.aspx/mining-robots/65/
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/new-robot-surgeon-sews-up-pig-intestines
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/337/337ra64
https://www.motoman.com/robotic-welding
https://blog.robotiq.com/bid/72927/What-is-Included-in-Robotic-Welding-Systems
https://www.cnet.com/news/be-afraid-darpa-unveils-terminator-like-atlas-robot/
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/01/23/atlas_unplugged_darpas_unterminator_robot_cuts_the_power_cable/
https://www.intorobotics.com/fruit-harvesting-robots/
https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/16/object-detection-api/?guccounter=1
http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sklar/teaching/boston-college/s01/mc375/mc375-effectors.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05093-1
https://www.universal-robots.com/industries/automotive-and-subcontractors/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
To The Moon & Mars - Aerospace Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #34
This ...
This week we’re exploring aerospace engineering and its two main fields: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. We’ll explore life & buoyancy, propulsion systems, and the challenges of managing the human ...body in space.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
PBS Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.history.com/topics/space-race
https://www.spacex.com/mars
https://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/Bernoulli.html
https://www.livescience.com/47702-aerospace-engineering.html
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/aerospace-engineers.htm
https://www.real-world-physics-problems.com/hot-air-balloon-physics.html
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/bgp.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090744500120
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-microgravity-58.html
https://www.nasa.gov/hrp/bodyinspace
https://www.space.com/25452-zero-gravity-affects-astronauts-hearts.html
https://www.space.com/21353-space-radiation-mars-mission-threat.html
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2018/0417-space-grade-electronics.html
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/the-fact-and-fiction-of-martian-dust-storms
https://www.space.com/16907-what-is-the-temperature-of-mars.html
https://www.wired.com/2010/11/1110mars-climate-observer-report/
http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/space/9909/30/mars.metric.02/
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-spacesuit-k4.html
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/8965.aspx
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-next-generation-of-suit-technologies
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/150-people-in-astronomy/space-exploration-and-astronauts/general-questions/927-can-artificial-gravity-be-created-in-space-intermediate
https://engineering.purdue.edu/~propulsi/propulsion/jets/basics/inlet.html
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/inlet.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
PBS Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.history.com/topics/space-race
https://www.spacex.com/mars
https://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/Bernoulli.html
https://www.livescience.com/47702-aerospace-engineering.html
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/aerospace-engineers.htm
https://www.real-world-physics-problems.com/hot-air-balloon-physics.html
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/bgp.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090744500120
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-microgravity-58.html
https://www.nasa.gov/hrp/bodyinspace
https://www.space.com/25452-zero-gravity-affects-astronauts-hearts.html
https://www.space.com/21353-space-radiation-mars-mission-threat.html
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2018/0417-space-grade-electronics.html
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/the-fact-and-fiction-of-martian-dust-storms
https://www.space.com/16907-what-is-the-temperature-of-mars.html
https://www.wired.com/2010/11/1110mars-climate-observer-report/
http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/space/9909/30/mars.metric.02/
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-spacesuit-k4.html
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/8965.aspx
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-next-generation-of-suit-technologies
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/150-people-in-astronomy/space-exploration-and-astronauts/general-questions/927-can-artificial-gravity-be-created-in-space-intermediate
https://engineering.purdue.edu/~propulsi/propulsion/jets/basics/inlet.html
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/inlet.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Computer Engineering & the End of Moore's Law: Crash Course Engineering #35
This ...
This week we’re exploring a field of engineering that is essential to how you’re watching this video: computers and computer engineering. We’ll explain differences between hardware and software, how engineers ...are working on making computers smaller and more energy efficient, and how computer aided processes such as CAD and CAM make it easier for engineers to design and manufacture parts needed in machines and products.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/systemscontrol/ictinindustryrev2.shtml
https://www.autodesk.co.uk/solutions/cad-cam
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/systemscontrol/ictinindustryrev2.shtml
https://www.autodesk.co.uk/solutions/cad-cam
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
How to Engineer Health - Drug Discovery & Delivery: Crash Course Engineering #36
...
Engineers are problem solvers, and our own health is full of problems to be engineered. In this episode we discuss drug discovery and drug delivery. We’ll explore everything from classical ...and reverse pharmacology to the new field of synthetic biology. We’ll also look at how important good disease detection is and why we need more targeted drug delivery systems.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/9129.aspx
https://www.nature.com/subjects/drug-discovery
https://www.nature.com/subjects/drug-delivery
https://www.bio.org/articles/synthetic-biology-explained
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/may/20/craig-venter-synthetic-life-form
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5987/52
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/dna-sequencing-technologies-key-to-the-human-828
http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/interventional-radiology/procedures/chemoembolization/index.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3275820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884743/
https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/global.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4051326/
https://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=62
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1a8d/ea8780d5e2e8ef07ff83aef4cf7579e9dc04.pdf
http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-30/local/me-93_1_hot-pepper
https://www.med.uio.no/ncmm/english/topics/drug-discovery/
https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/drug-eluting-stent
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2001.00112.x
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/9129.aspx
https://www.nature.com/subjects/drug-discovery
https://www.nature.com/subjects/drug-delivery
https://www.bio.org/articles/synthetic-biology-explained
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/may/20/craig-venter-synthetic-life-form
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5987/52
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/dna-sequencing-technologies-key-to-the-human-828
http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/interventional-radiology/procedures/chemoembolization/index.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3275820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884743/
https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/global.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4051326/
https://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=62
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1a8d/ea8780d5e2e8ef07ff83aef4cf7579e9dc04.pdf
http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-30/local/me-93_1_hot-pepper
https://www.med.uio.no/ncmm/english/topics/drug-discovery/
https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/drug-eluting-stent
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2001.00112.x
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Smart Tattoos & Tiny Robots: Crash Course Engineering #37
This ...
This week we are exploring biodevices and the part they play in the healthcare world. We’ll look at the challenges of implantable biodevices, like biocompatibility, power and connectivity, packaging, structural ...design, delivery systems, and device management. We’ll also dive into some of the latest research, like smart tattoos, and just what the future of biodevices might hold.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797898/
https://www.embs.org/about-biomedical-engineering/our-areas-of-research/wearable-implantable-technologies/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572009/
http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/techniques/pacemaker
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pacemaker/about/pac-20384689
https://batteryuniversity.com/index.php/learn/archive/is_lithium_ion_the_ideal_battery
http://pacaero.com/industries/medical/
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ecc7/9b613e4bb71c6a04f442908ebf9695c10e8f.pdf
https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/09/harvard-researchers-help-develop-smart-tattoos/
https://www.rd.com/health/conditions/smart-tattoo/
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/mechman/research/ipm-ktn/pdf/Technology_review/an-introduction-to-mems.pdf
https://www.mems-exchange.org/MEMS/applications.html
http://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack/implantable-medical-devices
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators/about/pac-20384692
https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacarrest.html#summary
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797898/
https://www.embs.org/about-biomedical-engineering/our-areas-of-research/wearable-implantable-technologies/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572009/
http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/techniques/pacemaker
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pacemaker/about/pac-20384689
https://batteryuniversity.com/index.php/learn/archive/is_lithium_ion_the_ideal_battery
http://pacaero.com/industries/medical/
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ecc7/9b613e4bb71c6a04f442908ebf9695c10e8f.pdf
https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/09/harvard-researchers-help-develop-smart-tattoos/
https://www.rd.com/health/conditions/smart-tattoo/
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/mechman/research/ipm-ktn/pdf/Technology_review/an-introduction-to-mems.pdf
https://www.mems-exchange.org/MEMS/applications.html
http://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack/implantable-medical-devices
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators/about/pac-20384692
https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacarrest.html#summary
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Changing the Blueprints of Life - Genetic Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #38
Can ...
Can we change the blueprints of life? This week we are exploring that question with genetic engineering. We’ll discuss how selective breeding can improve agricultural practices, and the potential DNA-level ...engineering could have on other fields of engineering. We’ll also look at how optogenetics and CRISPR have opened up new ways for genetic engineers to change the DNA inside living cells.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-macaray/the-man-who-saved-a-billi_b_4099523.html?guccounter=1
http://wheatdoctor.org/lodging
https://diatoms.org/what-are-diatoms
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49698386_From_diatoms_to_silica-based_biohybrids
https://www.pnnl.gov/news/release.aspx?id=918
https://www.vox.com/2018/7/23/17594864/crispr-cas9-gene-editing
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-macaray/the-man-who-saved-a-billi_b_4099523.html?guccounter=1
http://wheatdoctor.org/lodging
https://diatoms.org/what-are-diatoms
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49698386_From_diatoms_to_silica-based_biohybrids
https://www.pnnl.gov/news/release.aspx?id=918
https://www.vox.com/2018/7/23/17594864/crispr-cas9-gene-editing
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Mass-Producing Ice Cream with Food Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #39
In ...
In this episode, we looked at food engineering. We explored how food’s capacity to spoil makes it a unique challenge from an engineering viewpoint. We saw how many branches of ...engineering come into play to process ingredients, ensure safety for consumers, and package food, as well as how thermodynamics is involved in the different stages of food production.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://food.unl.edu/how-food-spoils
http://jfoodprotection.org/doi/pdf/10.4315/0362-028X-53.5.430?code=FOPR-site
http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/food_preservation_is_as_old_as_mankind
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Raisins.html
https://www.dairycouncil.co.uk/consumers/industry/what-is-pasteurisation
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
https://food.unl.edu/how-food-spoils
http://jfoodprotection.org/doi/pdf/10.4315/0362-028X-53.5.430?code=FOPR-site
http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/food_preservation_is_as_old_as_mankind
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Raisins.html
https://www.dairycouncil.co.uk/consumers/industry/what-is-pasteurisation
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
How the Leaning Tower of Pisa Was Saved: Crash Course Engineering #40
This ...
This week we’re going underground to explore geotechnical and seismic engineering. We’ll look at how structures connect to the ground and transmit loads through their foundations, and how those foundations ...need to provide a high bearing capacity. We’ll see how properties of the soil, like shear strength, affect bearing capacity. We’ll also consider happens when the ground experiences stress from seismic activity and how seismic engineers work to counteract those effects.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/leaning-tower-pisa-construction-844359
http://environment.uwe.ac.uk/geocal/foundations/founbear.htm
http://www.geotechnicalinfo.com/bearing_capacity_technical_guidance.html
http://civil.utm.my/azril/files/2016/05/2014-August-Chapter-4-Soil-Shear-strength-Revised.pdf
http://www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~cnan/Principles%20of%20geotechnical%20engineering%20(Fifth%20Edition,%20Das)/311-363.PDF
https://icce-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/viewFile/2059/1731
https://www.soil-net.com/legacy/schools/what_is_soil1.htm
https://www.ramjack.com/houston/about-ram-jack/blog/2015/september/the-foundation-of-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa/
https://leaningtowerpisa.com/facts/how/how-pisa-leaning-tower-was-stabilized
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/leaning-tower-pisa-construction-844359
http://environment.uwe.ac.uk/geocal/foundations/founbear.htm
http://www.geotechnicalinfo.com/bearing_capacity_technical_guidance.html
http://civil.utm.my/azril/files/2016/05/2014-August-Chapter-4-Soil-Shear-strength-Revised.pdf
http://www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~cnan/Principles%20of%20geotechnical%20engineering%20(Fifth%20Edition,%20Das)/311-363.PDF
https://icce-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/viewFile/2059/1731
https://www.soil-net.com/legacy/schools/what_is_soil1.htm
https://www.ramjack.com/houston/about-ram-jack/blog/2015/september/the-foundation-of-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa/
https://leaningtowerpisa.com/facts/how/how-pisa-leaning-tower-was-stabilized
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Why Moving People is Complicated: Crash Course Engineering #41
...
Transportation is a big part of our world and engineers play a big role in making it happen. Today we’ll explore how transportation systems are designed and some things transportation ...engineers have to take into consideration, like signaling, user behavior, and traffic flow. And, of course, we’ll talk about some of the ways that transportation engineers are trying to improve the systems we already have.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Origin of Everything: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiB8h9jD2Mlxx96ZFnGDSJw
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/average-commute-time-by-state.html
http://www.railway-technical.com/signalling/infopaper-6-basic-railway.pdf
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489894/tsgb-2015.pdf
https://www.mech.kuleuven.be/cib/verkeer/dwn/H111part3.pdf
https://www.networkrail.co.uk/our-railway-upgrade-plan/digital-railway/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Origin of Everything: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiB8h9jD2Mlxx96ZFnGDSJw
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/average-commute-time-by-state.html
http://www.railway-technical.com/signalling/infopaper-6-basic-railway.pdf
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489894/tsgb-2015.pdf
https://www.mech.kuleuven.be/cib/verkeer/dwn/H111part3.pdf
https://www.networkrail.co.uk/our-railway-upgrade-plan/digital-railway/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
YouTube Couldn't Exist Without Communications & Signal Processing: Crash Course Engineering #42
...
Engineering helped make this video possible. This week we’ll look at how it’s possible for you to watch this video with the fundamentals of signal processing. We’ll explore things from ...Morse Code, to problems like bandwidth capacity and noise, to how we arrived at the digital age.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out It’s Okay To Be Smart: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH4BNI0-FOK2dMXoFtViWHw
***
RESOURCES:
Sources:
http://www.ee.iitm.ac.in/~giri/pdfs/EE4140/textbook.pdf
http://edison.rutgers.edu/transmit.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/telegraph
https://www.gaussianwaves.com/2008/04/channel-capacity/
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~barry/mydocs/CS3282/Notes/DC06_7.pdf
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Telephone.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out It’s Okay To Be Smart: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH4BNI0-FOK2dMXoFtViWHw
***
RESOURCES:
Sources:
http://www.ee.iitm.ac.in/~giri/pdfs/EE4140/textbook.pdf
http://edison.rutgers.edu/transmit.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/telegraph
https://www.gaussianwaves.com/2008/04/channel-capacity/
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~barry/mydocs/CS3282/Notes/DC06_7.pdf
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Telephone.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
How Seawater Sabotages Ships: Crash Course Engineering #43
This ...
This week we’re headed out to sea for some marine engineering. How do we design ships to handle aquatic environments? How do we deal with marine life and corrosion and ...all of the other problems that come with engineering in the ocean? How can large maritime structures be built on land and transferred into water?
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Eons: https://www.youtube.com/eons
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/shipping-and-world-trade
http://marinenotes.blogspot.com/2012/06/watertight-doorstests-of-watertight.html
https://www.iims.org.uk/introduction-propeller-cavitation/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ON_irzFAU9c
https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/understanding-sacrificial-anodes-on-ships/
http://www.harsonic.com/harsonic-boats/hull-fouling-is-highest-for-boats-that-remain-stationary/
https://wyss.harvard.edu/barnacles-and-mussels-wont-stick-to-boats-with-this-fully-slippery-coating/
http://www.olds.com.au/marine/terminology.html
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/15/tech/ocean-cleanup-project/index.html
https://products.damen.com/en/ranges/modular-offshore-unit-drydock/modular-offshore-unit-drydock-120120
https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/201626/secret-screws/
http://www.americanhistory.si.edu/subs/anglesdangles/taming.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Eons: https://www.youtube.com/eons
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.ics-shipping.org/shipping-facts/shipping-and-world-trade
http://marinenotes.blogspot.com/2012/06/watertight-doorstests-of-watertight.html
https://www.iims.org.uk/introduction-propeller-cavitation/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ON_irzFAU9c
https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/understanding-sacrificial-anodes-on-ships/
http://www.harsonic.com/harsonic-boats/hull-fouling-is-highest-for-boats-that-remain-stationary/
https://wyss.harvard.edu/barnacles-and-mussels-wont-stick-to-boats-with-this-fully-slippery-coating/
http://www.olds.com.au/marine/terminology.html
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/15/tech/ocean-cleanup-project/index.html
https://products.damen.com/en/ranges/modular-offshore-unit-drydock/modular-offshore-unit-drydock-120120
https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/201626/secret-screws/
http://www.americanhistory.si.edu/subs/anglesdangles/taming.html
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
Building a Desalination Plant from Scratch: Crash Course Engineering #44
An ...
An essential part of engineering is engineering design. Today we’ll see how design synthesis helps you put together the components of a process and decide what techniques are needed to ...solve your problem. We’ll explain the need test things on a smaller scale before ramping up to full production, and how to continually incorporate feedback from design flaws to improve your designs.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Physics Girl: https://www.youtube.com/physicsgirl
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.linkengineering.org/EngineeringDesign.aspx
http://www.acewater.co.jp/en/en_b_so_product.html#01
https://www.aquatech.com/project/largest-power-plant-in-philippines-uses-membrane-desalination-for-purified-water/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Design-of-the-solar-vacuum-membrane-distillation-VMD-desalination-plant-11_fig1_317686589
https://www.tampabaywater.org/tampa-bay-seawater-desalination-plant
https://www.con-vergence.com/product/reverse-osmosis-pilot/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Physics Girl: https://www.youtube.com/physicsgirl
***
RESOURCES:
https://www.linkengineering.org/EngineeringDesign.aspx
http://www.acewater.co.jp/en/en_b_so_product.html#01
https://www.aquatech.com/project/largest-power-plant-in-philippines-uses-membrane-desalination-for-purified-water/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Design-of-the-solar-vacuum-membrane-distillation-VMD-desalination-plant-11_fig1_317686589
https://www.tampabaywater.org/tampa-bay-seawater-desalination-plant
https://www.con-vergence.com/product/reverse-osmosis-pilot/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More

Now Playing
How To Become An Engineer: Crash Course Engineering #45
...
Hopefully this course has gotten you excited about all the things we can do with engineering. If so, today we’re going to try to help you answer a very important ...question: how do you become an engineer? What are the steps? What kinds of careers can you pursue?
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Brain Craft: http://www.youtube.com/braincraft
***
RESOURCES:
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/fdscontent/uscompanion/us/static/companion.websites/9780195157826/Chapter_19.pdf
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Brain Craft: http://www.youtube.com/braincraft
***
RESOURCES:
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/fdscontent/uscompanion/us/static/companion.websites/9780195157826/Chapter_19.pdf
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Now Playing
The Biggest Problems We're Facing Today & The Future of Engineering: Crash Course Engineering #46
In ...
In our final episode of Crash Course Engineering we are going to take all the tools and ideas we’ve discussed throughout this series and try to imagine where we’re headed. ...We’re going to explore some of the biggest problems that today’s engineers are trying to solve and make some guesses about what the future of the field might look like.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/pbsspacetime
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/
https://www.wired.com/2016/03/inside-cunning-unprecedented-hack-ukraines-power-grid/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866520/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Subscribe to Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/pbsspacetime
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/
https://www.wired.com/2016/03/inside-cunning-unprecedented-hack-ukraines-power-grid/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866520/
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekidsShow More